Реферат
The unprecedented global COVID‐19 pandemic strongly argues the critical need for innovative diagnostic tools meeting the requirement of test speed, accuracy, and throughput. Owing to the integration of optics and microfluidics technologies, optofluidic technology enables highly precise flow manipulation and highly sensitive signal detection at the microscale, thus offering the promising potential for developing biodiagnostic applications. Research toward this direction is fast growing into an emerging area. In this paper, we give an overview of emerging optofluidic technologies for biodiagnostic applications with the focus on three common types of biomarkers: nucleic acid, protein, and cell. We conclude by discussing the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives of this field.
Реферат
We present a low-cost clinically viable ventilator design, AmbuBox, using a controllable pneumatic enclosure and standard manual resuscitators that are readily available (AmbuBag), which can be rapidly deployed during pandemic and mass-casualty events with a minimal set of components to manufacture and assemble. The AmbuBox is designed to address the existing challenges presented in the existing low-cost ventilator designs by offering an easy-to-install and simple-to-operate apparatus while maintaining a long lifespan with high-precision flow control. As an outcome, a mass-producible prototype of the AmbuBox has been devised, characterized, and validated in a bench test setup using a lung simulator. This prototype will be further investigated through clinical testing. Given the potentially urgent need for inexpensive and rapidly deployable ventilators globally, the overall design, operational principle, and device characterization of the AmbuBox system have been described in detail with open access online. Moreover, the fabrication and assembly methods have been incorporated to enable short-term producibility by a generic local manufacturing facility. In addition, a full list of all components used in the AmbuBox has been included to reflect its low-cost nature.